Regardless of the cause, the end result is the same. A common sequence of events is triggered that result in the hallmark of osteoarthritis. Depending on the cause, the process may begin with either damage to, or degeneration of, the articular cartilage, or inflammation of the joint capsule lining. Either insult can trigger joint degeneration. Inflammatory products released into the joint fluid by an inflamed synovial membrane can damage the articular cartilage. Molecules and enzymes are released into the joint fluid from damaged cartilage and can cause inflammation of the synovial membrane. In either situation, the products of inflammation can create a destructive cycle of inflammation and cartilage degeneration within that joint.
Early Warning Signs of Osteoarthritis
Many horses with osteoarthritis show only subtle signs of the problem for several weeks or months before they become obviously lame. A common early sign is a reduction in the horse’s activity level, or reluctance to do certain physical activities. Early on the discomfort and reduced mobility may come and go, or increase and decrease in severity. Don’t disregard the early signs of osteoarthritis, have your horse examined by your veterinarian. Here is a list of some early warning signs to watch for that may indicate your horse is developing osteoarthritis:
- lying more than usual
- reduced activity level
- slow or stiff movements first thing after rest or in cold weather
- stiffness or lameness that disappears with exercise
- difficulty getting up from a lying down position
- abnormal gait or lameness during exercise
- swollen joints that are warm to the touch
- any change from normal behavior or temperament
- decreased appetite
- loss of muscle mass
Some of these warning signs can be associated with other diseases as well, so a veterinarian examination and diagnosis of osteoarthritis is important before a treatment plan can be developed.
Osteoarthritis Treatment
Treatment of osteoarthritis involves a multimodal approach. In most cases the progression can be slowed and the animal made more comfortable and more mobile with appropriate management. Treatment plans include weight control, exercise, anti-inflammatory medications, and oral joint supplements.
Obesity is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis. Decreasing the animal’s body weight decreases the load on the arthritic joints and makes it easier for the animal to get around. Weight reduction includes dietary control and exercise. Your veterinarian can help develop a specific diet and exercise program tailored specifically for your horse. With exercise, it is important to include daily, low-impact exercise to improve strength, mobility, and attitude without too much rigorous exercise which can be more harmful to arthritic joints. When appropriate, your veterinarian will prescribe NSAID’s (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) to help alleviate the pain associated with osteoarthritis. Regular veterinary examinations are important for horses being prescribed NSAID’s.
Alternatives
Oral joint supplements containing nutraceuticals such as glucosamine, chondroitin, hyaluronic acid, MSM, and ester C can help improve joint problems by supplying the joint tissue with nutrient components necessary for healthy joints. Nutraceuticals have proven to be a very safe and effective alternative to drug therapies. In addition, there are several herbal products with natural anti-inflammatory properties available for your consideration. Some good examples are devil’s claw, yucca, and microlactin (Duralactin). Using these products alone or in combination may reduce or even eliminate the need for NSAID’s while still providing relief from the pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis. Other treatment modalities that often come into play include physical therapy which is a growing field in veterinary medicine. We are beginning to see the beneficial effects of physical therapy following surgery or for management of orthopedic diseases in animals, just as we continue to see in humans. Acupuncture is another alternative medical treatment being offered with success in the veterinary field.
Advancements continue to be made in the prevention, treatment, and management of osteoarthritis in horses. Discuss with your veterinarian which combination of treatments will work best in your horse’s individual case.
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